Congestion Management in Hybrid Electricity Markets with FACTS Devices with Loadability Limits

Congestion management (CM) is one of the most important challenging tasks of the Independent System Operator (ISO) in the deregulated environment. In this paper, generators’ rescheduling based CM approach to manage transmission line congestion considering loadability limit has been presented for hybrid based electricity market model. The main contribution of the paper is (i) to obtain secure transactions for hybrid market model, (ii) optimal rescheduling of generators with loadability limits taken into account with secure transactions, (iii) and impact of FACTS devices on transmission line congestion management. The ISO ensures secure bilateral transactions in a hybrid market model and CM is managed with minimum preferred schedule to obtain minimum congestion cost. The results have been obtained for IEEE 24 bus test system.  Keywords: Generator re-dispatch, congestion management, pool electricity market, bid function, loadability limit.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i1.11

ACPTDF for Multi-transactions and ATC Determination in Deregulated Markets

Abstract—Available transfer capability in the transmission network has become essential quantity to be declared well in advance for its commercial use in a competitive electricity market. Its fast computation using DC load flow based approach is used worldwide for on line implementation. Many authors have proposed the ATC calculation based on DC/AC load flow approach. In this paper, AC PTDF based approach has been proposed for multi-transaction cases using power transfer sensitivity and Jacobian calculated with three different methods. The methods can be implemented for any number of transactions occurring simultaneously. The results have been determined for intact and line contingency cases taking multi-transaction/simultaneous as well as single transaction cases. The main contributions of the paper are: (i) ATC determination for multi-transactions environment, (ii) ATC determination and comparison with three approaches of PTDF calculations, (iii) LODFs with line contingency cases for multi-transaction environment and thereby ATC determination. The results have also been obtained with DC method for comparison. The proposed method have been applied for IEEE 24 bus RTS. Keywords: Available transfer capability, AC load flow, AC power transfer distribution factors , line outage contingency, line outage distribution factors, multi-transactions, simultaneous transactions.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v1i1.6

GAMS applications to capacitors location and its sizing in a RDS

This paper presents a new approach for finding capacitor's location and it's sizing in a radial distribution system (RDS) optimally with an aim of reducing the active power loss. In this paper, the problem of minimizing power loss is converted into a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Program (MINLP) problem, and it will be solved by using Generalized Algebraic Modeling Systems (GAMS) software with MINLP-SBB Solver. The proposing GAMS approach is tested on IEEE 10 bus RDS. By using GAMS, the programming will be simple and more accurate results can be achieved with less execution time. The MATLAB R2020b is used to run the load flows program and analyze results. The results are compared with the other optimization techniques results

H. SABDARIFFA CALYCES ASH: ANTIANXIETY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION AND PREPARATION OF ITS TABLETS

Objective: Ash and its preparations have been used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various ailments since 7th century AD. Numerous studies suggest that the elements present in ash have significant role in affective disorders. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the antianxiety and antidepressant activity of total ash of H. sabdariffa calyces, and also of the tablets of total ash. Methods: Powdered calyces were taken in tared silica crucible, and were incinerated at a temperature not exceeding 450 °C. The resultant ash was cooled and weighed. This was evaluated for antianxiety and antidepressant activity using an elevated plus maze and Porsolt’s swim test, respectively. Further, the ash samples were analysed through ICP-MS to know their composition. The ash was formulated into tablets using the wet granulation technique, using only organic excipients. Results: Results indicated that the total ash of H. sabdariffa calyces exhibited significant (p<0.001) antianxiety and antidepressant activity at 50 and 100 mg/kg, po, respectively. The activities were comparable to the standard drugs. ICP-MS analysis showed the presence of magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and calcium as major elements. Tablets of H. sabdariffa total ash were as effective (p<0.001) as the total ash. Conclusion: Magnesium, phosphorous, potassium and calcium have been reported to play a significant role in affective disorders, explaining, thereby, as to why ash of H. sabdariffa calyces exhibited anti-anxiety and antidepressant activity

Chrono-Geographical Analysis Of Sars-Cov2 Genome Wide Mutations

Since the reporting of the first cases of coronavirus in China and the publication of the first sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the virus has undergone numerous mutations. In the present study, we gathered 1,404 SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes from the NCBI and detected the mutations via GISAID. We analysed and annotated all SARS-CoV-2 mutations compared with the reference Wuhan genome NC_045512.2. The S1B domain (333-527) of the spike protein was found the highest mutating region in the entire genome whereas NS6 protein was found the lowest mutating region. Interestingly, no any mutation was detected from NSP11 protein. The D614G from spike protein, T81I from NSP2, A890D from NSP3, L37F from NSP6, P323L from NSP12, Q57H from NS3 and Y73C from NS8 were identified in maximum numbers of SARS-CoV-2 populations from all six continents. Many co-occurring mutations were detected in spike proteins, N proteins and NSP12 proteins. The deletions were only found in S, N, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP6, NS7a and NS7b proteins. The co-occurring deletions were identified only in N, NSP1 and NSP6 proteins. A few insertion mutations were identified in spike proteins and NSP6 proteins. But the high prevalence of stop-codon mutations was detected in spike, NSP6, NS7b and NS8 proteins. Our results provide an in-depth analysis of SARS-COV-2 whole genome which we believe, can shed light in the understanding of SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis and mutation pattern which can aid in the development of prevention methods as well as future research into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic development

Impact of affluence, population growth and technology on environment in terms of CO2 emission in developing, developed and least developed economies

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2013OutstandingmasterpublishedAshwani Kumar Sharma

Application of farmyard manure and vermi-compost on vegetative and generative characteristics of Jatropha curcas

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of FYM and Vermi-compost on: i) biomass yield of vegetatively propagated Jatropha curcas and ii) physical characteristics of Jatropha seeds. Various vegetative and generative characteristics of Jatropha (survival %, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of branches, seed yield and oil content) in response to the treatments were evaluated under field conditions. The results showed that addition of vermicompost significantly increased plant survival, plant height, stem diameter, number of branches/plant, number of seeds/plant and oil content (6.76% & 19.21%) over FYM and control. Vermicompost also played an important role in increasing oil content by improving physical characteristics of Jatropha seeds. We conclude Jatropha raised through cuttings on vermicompost performed better with respect to biomass yield over FYM and untreated soil

Study of Wind Turbine based SEIG under Balanced/Unbalanced Loads and Excitation

This paper presents the performance of a stand-alone self-excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by fixed pitch wind turbine. The main objective of the paper is: (i) dynamic study of SEIG under balanced R-L/R-C loads (ii) dynamic study of SEIG under balanced and unbalanced excitation, (iii) Fixed pitch wind turbine model has been considered for driving induction generator. An approach based on dynamic equations of an isolated SEIG under balanced/unbalanced conditions of loads is employed to study the behaviour of the system. The SEIG model with balanced/un-balanced load and excitation has been simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.30

Effect of alkalinity on growth performance of Jatropha curcas inoculated with PGPR and AM fungi

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of soil alkalinity on emergence, growth, leaf relative water content, total soluble sugar and soluble protein of seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Na2CO3 was added to the soil and alkalinity was maintained at 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5%. In general increased alkalinity caused reduction in growth.   Hence we designed the experiment to test the efficacy of beneficial microbes (Azotobacter, Microfoss and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) individually and in combinations to alleviate the stressful effect of alkaline soil. The data pertaining to the effect of bioinoculants on different parameters of Jatropha curcas under alkaline stress were collected and statistically analyzed. The effect of bioinoculants on percentage seed germination and survival at 0.4% of Na2CO3 was found to be in order of; Azotobacter+AMF> AMF>Azotobacter+ Microfoss>Microfoss > Azotobacter >control (no germination) while at 0.5 % Na2CO3 germination was almost nil with all treatments. The survival percentages with respect to all treatments were found to be significant at 0.4%, Na2CO3 level over control. The combination of AM fungi and Azotobacter increased plant height, shoot diameter, shoot dry weight, leaf relative water content and soluble sugar content and decreased level of soluble protein at 0.4 % of Na2CO3 over other treatments. We conclude that the combinations of Azotobacter and AMF performed well up to 0.4 % of Na2CO3 in soil

Assessment of genetic diversity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) using micro satellite markers

An effective way to use germplasm for genetic improvement is to be aware of the genetic variation among crop genotypes. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 30 genotypes of pigeonpea from populations that were collected from various sources. In order to show a new structure within the pigeonpea genetic pool and to give crucial information for pigeonpea breeding operations, the predetermined study's goal was to define pigeonpea genotypes using a microsatellite marker technique. The genomic DNA of 30 pigeon pea genotypes were amplified with 20 SSR primers that produced 46 amplified bands, out of which 30 band were polymorphic (65.21%) and 16 bands were monomorphic (34.82%). Primer CcM 2977 generated a maximum number of amplified bands, of which 2 bands were polymorphic. Among 20 primers, only 8 primers showed the highest polymorphism (100%) and 5 primers were monomorphic in nature. Average of 2.30 bands per primer was amplified. The dendrogram constructed from the pooled data revealed six distinct clusters of which five were solitary.  Cluster analysis of pigeon pea genotypes was based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with the Arithmetic average (UPGMA) method and the 30 pigeon pea genotypes were classified into six main groups. The present study indicated that the performance of SSR markers for the evaluation of genetic diversity could be beneficial for pigeon pea breeding. They could additionally be useful in genomic mapping research, developing pigeon pea cultivars with various genetics and reaping advanced crop productivity.